Focus Stacking in Photography

What Is Focus Stacking?

Focus stacking involves taking multiple photos at different focus points and blending them together in post-processing to create an image where everything is in focus—from the closest details to the farthest background.

Most cameras have a limit to how much they can keep in focus at once (especially at close distances), but by merging multiple focused shots, you can overcome depth-of-field limitations.

How to Shoot for Focus Stacking

1. Use a Tripod (Seriously, Don’t Skip This Step)

• Even slight movements between shots can mess up the stacking process. A tripod keeps everything perfectly aligned.

• If you’re shooting handheld, you’ll need software alignment later, but it won’t be as precise.

2. Switch to Manual Focus

• Autofocus might shift unpredictably between shots.

• Instead, focus manually and adjust the focus in small increments from front to back.

3. Use a Narrow Aperture (But Not Too Narrow)

• f/8 to f/11 is usually ideal for sharpness.

• Avoid f/22 or smaller, because diffraction can make the image soft.

4. Take a Series of Shots at Different Focus Points

• Start by focusing on the closest part of your subject.

• Take a shot, then slightly adjust focus deeper into the scene.

• Repeat until you’ve covered everything you want sharp.

• Some cameras (like certain Nikons, Canons, and Sonys) even have automated focus stacking modes!

5. Keep Exposure & Settings Consistent

• Use manual mode so exposure doesn’t shift between shots.

• Keep ISO low to avoid noise.

• Maybe use a remote shutter or timer to avoid camera shake.

How to Merge Your Stacked Images

Option 1: Photoshop (Most Popular Method)

1. Load all images as layers in Photoshop.

2. Select all layers, go to Edit > Auto-Align Layers (to correct any small shifts).

3. Then, go to Edit > Auto-Blend Layers and choose Stack Images.

4. Photoshop will mask the sharpest areas from each shot and blend them into a final image.

   
   

Option 2: Dedicated Software (More Precision)

• Helicon Focus and Zerene Stacker are pro-level tools specifically designed for focus stacking.

• These offer finer control, better blending, and more advanced algorithms.